AppraisalValuation
A professional estimate of a diamond’s monetary value, often for insurance or resale.
Not the same as
Rapaport Pricing, which sets wholesale benchmarks.
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Bezel FacetAnatomy
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BrillianceOptical
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Brilliant Cut DiamondCut
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CaratWeight
A unit of weight equal to 0.20 grams. Larger carat weights command higher prices,
but value also depends on
Cut,
Color Grading, and
Clarity.
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CavityClarity
A surface-reaching inclusion or hole. Reduces durability and
Clarity grade. Can be worsened by
Fracture Filling attempts.
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ClarityGrading
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Clarity EnhancementTreatment
Processes such as
Fracture Filling or
Laser Drilling used to make inclusions less visible.
While improving appearance, they lower natural value and should be disclosed.
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CleavageDurability
Natural planes in a diamond’s crystal structure where it can split.
Affects
Durability and is a concern for cutting and setting.
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CloudClarity
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Color GradingGrading
Evaluation of body color, typically on the GIA D–Z scale. Trade terms include
TLB and
No BGM.
Related to
Fluorescence.
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CrownAnatomy
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Crown AngleCut
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Crown Height PercentageCut
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CrystalClarity
An inclusion where another mineral crystal is trapped inside the diamond during formation.
May affect
Clarity grade and transparency.
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CuletAnatomy
The small facet (or point) at the very bottom of a diamond.
A large culet may appear as a hole when viewed
Face-Up.
Considered in
Cut grading.
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Cushion CutFancy Shape
A square or rectangular cut with rounded corners, blending
Brilliance with a softer outline.
Related to
Fancy Shapes.
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CutGrading
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DepthCut
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Depth PercentageCut
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DurabilityProperty
A diamond’s ability to resist damage. Impacted by cut quality, inclusions, and structural features such as
Cleavage.
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Emerald CutStep Cut
A rectangular cut with cropped corners and long step facets. Emphasizes clarity and luster over brilliance.
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Eye CleanClarity
No inclusions visible to the naked eye at normal viewing distance and lighting.
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FacetAnatomy
A flat polished surface on a diamond. The arrangement and precision of facets determine brilliance and fire.
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Fancy ColorColor
Diamonds with strong, distinct colors outside the normal D–Z range, such as yellow, pink, or blue. Highly valued for rarity.
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Fancy ShapeCut
Any diamond shape other than Round Brilliant, including Oval, Pear, Marquise, Cushion, Princess, and Emerald cuts.
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FeatherClarity
An internal fracture that looks feather-like. Can impact durability depending on size and location.
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FluorescenceOptical
A visible glow (often blue) under ultraviolet light. Can improve color appearance in some stones, or cause haziness in strong cases.
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FractureClarity
A break within a diamond that is not along cleavage planes. Usually irregular in shape and can affect durability.
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Fracture FillingTreatment
A clarity enhancement where glass-like material is injected into fractures to make them less visible. Considered temporary and lowers resale value.
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GirdleAnatomy
The thin perimeter dividing the crown and pavilion. Can be faceted, polished, or bruted. Thickness affects durability and cut grade.
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Girdle ThicknessCut
The relative measurement of a diamond’s girdle from “extremely thin” to “extremely thick.” Impacts both durability and weight retention.
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GIA (Gemological Institute of America)Lab
The most respected diamond grading laboratory worldwide. Known for setting the standard in
Clarity,
Color,
Cut, and
Carat grading. A
GIA report greatly increases buyer trust and resale value.
Many diamonds also carry a
Laser Inscription of their GIA certificate number.
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Hearts & Arrows (Pattern)Cut Precision
A symmetrical pattern visible in some well-cut round brilliants. Hearts appear when viewed from the pavilion, arrows from the crown.
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HazyTransparency
Slight veil or lack of crispness. Less severe than
Milky but still reduces brilliance and life.
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Ideal CutCut
A diamond cut with precise proportions and symmetry to maximize brilliance, fire, and scintillation. Often associated with premium pricing.
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IGILab
International Gemological Institute. A grading lab known for diamond and gemstone certifications, often compared with
GIA.
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InclusionClarity
An internal feature within a diamond, such as crystals, feathers, or clouds. Impacts clarity grade and value.
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KaratMetal
A unit that measures gold purity. 24K = pure gold, 18K = 75% gold, alloyed with other metals for strength. Not to be confused with
Carat weight.
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Laser DrillingTreatment
A clarity enhancement using a laser to reach and remove or bleach inclusions. Usually disclosed; lowers natural value.
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Laser Drill HoleClarity
A tiny tunnel created during
Laser Drilling. Visible under magnification and considered a clarity feature.
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Laser InscriptionIdentification
Microscopic text or numbers inscribed on a diamond’s girdle, usually with a grading report number for identification.
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Length-To-Width RatioCut
The proportion of a fancy-shaped diamond’s length divided by width. Impacts outline appeal, especially for Oval, Marquise, and Pear cuts.
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LoupeTool
A 10× magnification tool used by jewelers and gemologists to grade clarity and craftsmanship.
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Lower-Girdle FacetAnatomy
Facets located between the pavilion main facets and the girdle. Their length influences scintillation and patterning.
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LusterOptical
The quality of light reflected from a polished diamond surface. High-quality diamonds show a sharp, mirror-like luster.
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Marquise CutFancy Shape
A football-shaped diamond with pointed ends. Maximizes face-up size for carat weight, often set to elongate the finger.
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Mine Cut DiamondAntique Cut
An early diamond cut (1800s) with a high crown, small table, and open culet. Precursor to the Old European cut.
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Mohs ScaleDurability
A scale of mineral hardness from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond). Diamond is the hardest natural material known.
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NaturalClarity
A portion of the rough diamond’s surface left unpolished, often seen at the girdle. Considered a clarity characteristic.
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No BGMColor/Transparency
Short for
No Brown, Green, or Milky.
A desirable trade shorthand meaning the diamond has no
Top Light Brown hue, no green tint,
and no
Milky or hazy cast.
Often used as a selling point in
Color Grading.
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Old European CutAntique Cut
A diamond cut popular in the late 1800s to early 1900s. Features a round outline, small table, steep crown, and open culet. Precursor to the modern Round Brilliant.
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Optical PropertyOptics
A characteristic of how a diamond interacts with light, including brilliance, dispersion, scintillation, and birefringence.
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Optic AxisOptics
In gemology, the direction in a crystal where light is not doubly refracted. Diamonds are singly refractive, so this concept applies more to colored stones.
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Optic CharacterOptics
Describes whether a gemstone is singly or doubly refractive. Diamonds are singly refractive, which helps distinguish them from simulants.
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Optic SignOptics
For doubly refractive gems, describes whether they are optically positive or negative. Diamonds, being singly refractive, do not have an optic sign.
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PavéSetting
A jewelry setting style where small diamonds are set closely together with minimal metal showing, creating a continuous sparkle.
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PavilionAnatomy
The lower portion of a diamond, from the girdle to the culet. Depth and angles here strongly influence brilliance.
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Pavilion AngleCut
The angle between the pavilion main facets and the girdle plane. Ideal ranges maximize light return.
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Pavilion Main FacetAnatomy
The large facets on the pavilion that extend from the girdle to the culet. Their precision is crucial for brilliance.
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PearFancy Shape
Also called a teardrop cut, it blends a round and marquise shape. Popular for pendants and rings, often elongates the finger.
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PinpointClarity
A very small crystal inclusion visible under magnification. Alone, minor; in clusters, may form a cloud.
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PointsWeight
Units of diamond weight. 100 points = 1 carat. Example: a 0.25 ct diamond = 25 points.
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PolishFinish
The quality of the diamond’s surface finish from cutting. Graded from Excellent to Poor. Impacts light return and value.
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PrincessFancy Shape
A square or rectangular brilliant cut. Known for its sharp corners and strong brilliance. Very popular for engagement rings.
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Refractive IndexOptics
A measure of how much light bends as it enters the diamond. Diamond’s RI is 2.42, giving it exceptional brilliance.
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Rap / Rap SheetPricing
The
Rapaport Price List used as a wholesale benchmark.
Actual OTC trades occur at
Rap Discounts
(e.g., “–25% off Rap”). Important reference in diamond
Appraisals and dealer negotiations.
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ScintillationOptics
The sparkle effect seen when a diamond or the light source moves. It’s the contrast of light and dark reflections.
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ShapeStyle
The outline of the diamond (e.g., Round, Oval, Princess, Cushion, Emerald). Shape is distinct from cut quality.
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Star FacetAnatomy
Small triangular facets that extend from the table edge toward the bezel facets on a brilliant cut diamond.
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Specific GravityPhysical Property
The density of a gemstone compared to water. Diamond’s specific gravity is 3.52, helping distinguish it from imitations.
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Step CutCut
A cutting style featuring long, narrow facets arranged in steps (e.g., Emerald and Asscher cuts). Emphasizes clarity over brilliance.
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SymmetryGrading
The precision of a diamond’s cut and facet alignment. Graded from Excellent to Poor. Strongly influences overall cut grade.
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Strong Blue (Fluorescence)Fluorescence
Noticeable blue reaction under UV. Can help some colors; can look oily/milky in others; usually discounted.
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TableAnatomy
The large flat facet on the crown. It allows light into the diamond and is a key factor in brilliance.
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Table PercentageCut
The table width expressed as a percentage of the diamond’s average diameter. Balanced ratios enhance brilliance.
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TLB (Top Light Brown)Appearance
Subtle brown tint in near-colorless ranges; lowers face-up value vs. equivalent white stones.
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Upper-Girdle FacetAnatomy
Facets located between the bezel facets and the girdle plane on a brilliant cut. They help control light leakage and scintillation.
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